Gesellschaft für Orthopädisch-Traumatologische Sportmedizin

Vor dem Super Bowl: American Football in der Sportmedizin

GOTS – Pressenewsletter 01.02.2012

Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren,

am Sonntag blickt ganz Amerika und viele Sportfans in Übersee nach Indianapolis: Im Lucas Oil Stadium findet der Super Bowl 2012 statt. Doch wie gefährlich ist die ruppige Sportart American Football? Wir beleuchten den US-Sport aus Sicht der Sportmedizin. Der Text ist zu Ihrer weiteren Verwendung freigegeben.

Mit freundlichen Grüßen,
Frank Wechsel und Dr. Wolfgang Schillings, GOTS-Pressesprecher

Pressetext: American Football aus sportmedizinischer Sicht

In diesem Jahr findet das Finale („Super Bowl“) der amerikanischen National Football League (NFL) am 5. Februar 2012 im Lucas Oil Stadion – dem Heim der Indianapolis Colts – statt. Hierbei handelt es sich um eines der größten Sportereignisse der Welt. Der Super-Bowl-Sunday selbst, aber auch die Vorbereitung auf das Spiel, stellen ein Medienspektakel ohnegleichen dar. Die siegreiche Mannschaft wird mit der Vince Lombardi Trophy und die Spieler mit dem sogenannten Super-Ball-Ring ausgezeichnet. Die Pittsburgh Steelers sind bislang das erfolgreichste Team im Super Bowl und haben sich auch dieses Jahr als eines der Wild-Card-Teams für die Playoffs qualifiziert (siehe auch nfl.com/playoffs/playoff-picture).

American Football ist ein athletisches und temporeiches Spiel. Es ist eine Kontaktsportart, bei denen sich die Spieler, trotz Protektoren und Helmen, aufgrund der physischen Härte und dem gezielten Körperkontakt regelmäßig verletzen. In Amerika gilt Football als die Lieblingssportart schlechthin.

Regeln und Taktik des Spiels
Beim American Football kämpfen zwei Mannschaften um ein Vorwärtskommen auf dem 100 Yard langen Feld. Elf Angreifer stehen jeweils elf Verteidigern gegenüber. Sollte die Offensive zehn oder mehr Yards in vier Versuchen nicht bewältigen, wechselt das Angriffsrecht, ansonsten gibt es eine neue Spielserie. Ziel ist es, den Ball möglichst häufig in die gegnerische Endzone zu befördern, um dadurch einen so genannten Touchdown zu erlangen. Alternativ kann aus dem Feld ein Field goal getreten werden. Die Vorwärtsbewegung des ballführenden Spielers ist durch einen Tackle nach Möglichkeit zu beenden. Die überwiegende Anzahl von Verletzungen entsteht erwartungsgemäß bei solchen Kollisionen. Beide Mannschaften bestehen aus einem Offensive-, Defensive- und Special-Team. In diesen Mannschaftsbereichen versammeln sich die jeweiligen Spezialisten, die zum Beispiel in der Offense entweder mit dem Ball laufen (Running Back) oder ihn fangen (Wide Receiver) sollen. Der Spielmacher und Anführer auf dem Feld ist der Werfer (Quarterback). Das Spiel besteht aus vier Vierteln von je 15 Minuten. Zwischen den Halbzeiten liegt eine ausgedehnte Pause, die gerade in den Playoffs für viele Showevents genutzt wird. Die TV-Werbeminute während des Super Bowls ist Millionen wert.

Die häufigsten Verletzungen
Die Verletzungsrate beim American Football ist wie bei anderen Mannschaftssportarten während des eigentlichen Spiels am höchsten. Hier werden Verletzungsraten von 65 pro 1.000 Einsätzen (Athlete exposures; AE) beschrieben. Im Training ist das Verletzungsrisiko mit 12,7 pro 1.000 AE deutlich geringer. Vermehrt sind Verletzungen im Bereich der unteren Extremität. Insgesamt kommen am häufigsten Muskelverletzungen im Sinne von Zerrungen/Prellungen und Kapselbandverletzungen (Knie- und Sprunggelenk) vor. Prellungen werden in der Häufigkeit mit 13/1.000 AE angegeben, gefolgt von Knieverletzungen mit 10,8 und Sprunggelenkverletzungen mit 7,8. Die Ausfallzeiten betragen typischer Weise 3,2 Tage für eine Prellung und bis zu neun Tage bei einer Kapselbandverletzung. Beim Offense sind die Fänger, insbesondere der Wide Receiver und Tight End, trotz Versuche, sie durch Regelverschärfungen zu schützen, am häufigsten verletzt. In der Verteidigung sind es die Wurfabwehrspezialisten (Secondary), die mit 2,6 Verletzungen pro 1.000 Einheiten ihren Mannschaftsteil anführen. Muskelverletzungen, insbesondere im Bereich der Ischiocruralmuskulatur, sind am häufigsten in diesen Positionen zu finden, wo Explosivität und Schnelligkeit gefordert werden.

Hitzeschlag und Schädel-Hirn-Trauma
Aufgrund der Protektoren kommt es im Sommer immer wieder zur Dehydration der Spieler. Dies kann vom Hitzeschlag bis zum Tode führen. Auch das Schädel-Hirn-Trauma ist ein nicht zu unterschätzendes Problem bei dieser Sportart, so dass die betreuenden Mediziner vor allem bei der Frage nach der Rückkehr zum Leistungssport konkrete Algorithmen bereithalten sollten.

Auch in diesem Jahr wird der Conference-Sieger der American Football Conference (AFC) und der National Football Conference (NFC) den „Weltmeister“ unter sich ausmachen. Die besten Chancen muss man den New England Patriots aus der AFC einräumen. American Football zeigt sich erfahrungsgemäß beim Super Bowl von seiner besten Seite. Durch die häufigen Spielunterbrechungen, Werbepausen und Auszeiten dauern diese Spiele häufig über drei Stunden. Aufgrund der Zeitverschiebung wird man somit den deutschen Footballfan wieder in den frühen Morgenstunden vor dem Fernseher finden. Wir freuen uns auf den Kick off (Eröffnungskick) zum 46. Super Bowl!

Lokalisation von Verletzungen bei Football-Spielern

Erhöhtes Verletzungsrisiko beim American Football durch

Der Autor:
Prof. Dr. med. Christian H. Siebert, GOTS Vizepräsident, Kongresspräsident 2011, Facharzt für Chirurgie/Unfallchirurgie, Facharzt für Orthopädie, Spezielle Orthopädische Chirurgie, Sportmedizin, Chefarzt des Departments Sportorthopädie und Arthroskopische Chirurgie in der Orthopädischen Klinik der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover im Annastift, Medical Advisor XFL-A Football, ehemaliger Mannschaftsarzt der Hannover Musketeers (1. Bundesliga Football)

Neuerscheinung:
Englische Version des GOTS-Manuals „Sportverletzungen“ in Zeulenroda vorgestellt

„Sports Orthopedics“ ist der Titel der englischen Ausgabe des offiziellen Handbuchs der Gesellschaft für Orthopädisch-Traumatologische Sportmedizin (GOTS). Das knapp 800 Seiten umfassende Werk wurde im September beim 2. Zeulenrodaer Kongress der Orthopädie und Sportorthopädie zum ersten Mal der Öffentlichkeit präsentiert.  An der Entstehung des Buches waren fast 100 Autoren beteiligt. Herausgeber des Buches sind PD Dr. med. Martin Engelhardt, Past-Präsident der GOTS, und Wissenschaftsautor Alexander Dorr.

“Wir haben uns für eine englische Ausgabe des GOTS-Manuals entschieden, um den Kollegen im anglo-amerikanischen Raum unsere Ideen in der Diagnose und Therapie von Sportverletzungen zugänglich zu machen”, sagte Dr. Martin Engelhardt bei der Buchpräsentation. Nun gelte es, “Sports Orthopedics” zu den Medizinern und Therapeuten im englisch-sprachigen Raum zu bringen.

Dazu will die Bauerfeind AG beitragen, sagte der stellvertretende Vorstandsvorsitzende, Tiago da Silva, den Herausgebern und Autoren. Das Unternehmen hat sowohl die Herausgabe der englischen Ausgabe unterstützt als auch die Veröffentlichung ihres deutschen Pendants “Sportverletzungen” im Jahr 2006. Es gilt heute als Standardwerk. Dies soll international auch für “Sports Orthopedics” gelingen – und zwar mithilfe der weltweiten Präsenz von Bauerfeind, aber auch über die Bauerfeind Akademie und deren Netzwerk in der Aus-, Fort- und Weiterbildung.

Kontakt:
GOTS-Geschäftsstelle
Petra Enderlein
Heinrich-von-Eggeling-Str.11
07749 Jena

Tel. 0 36 41 / 38 44 78
Fax 0 36 41 / 56 14 47
mobil 0 176 / 240 825 53
E-Mail: info@gots.org

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