Gesellschaft für Orthopädisch-Traumatologische Sportmedizin

Trendsport Klettern und Bouldern – Veränderte Verletzungsmuster in neuer olympischer Sportart

Sportmedizin / GOTS

Trendsport Klettern und Bouldern – Veränderte Verletzungsmuster in neuer olympischer Sportart

Der Klettersport hat sich in den letzten Jahren von einer Randsportart hin zu einem Breitensport gewandelt und wird 2020 in Tokio zum ersten Mal bei den Olympischen Spielen vertreten sein. Maßgeblichen Anteil daran hat der weltweite Boom der Subdisziplin (Indoor-) Bouldern (Klettern ohne Seil in Absprunghöhe). Mediziner der GOTS beobachten dabei nun veränderte und für den Klettersport bislang eher untypische Verletzungsmuster.

Beharrliches Training, gute Technik und variiertes Können zeichnen Kletter-Sportler und Boulderer aus. Der Sport erfordert verschiedenste Fähigkeiten wie Beweglichkeit, Koordination, Kraft und Ausdauer, die von geschulten Trainern schon bei den Jüngsten spielerisch trainiert werden müssen. Denn inzwischen haben auch sportlich eher wenig aktive Personen die mittlerweile in jeder größeren Stadt verfügbaren Boulderhallen als Freizeitbeschäftigung für sich entdeckt.

Prof. Dr. med. Volker Schöffl (Klinikum Bamberg, Uni-Klinik Erlangen) und Dr. med. Christoph Lutter (Uni-Klinik Rostock) haben in ihren Untersuchungen eine Verschiebung bei typischen Verletzungsmustern und Überlastungsreaktionen aufgezeigt. Die Ergebnisse stellen sie auf dem Kongress der Gesellschaft für Orthopädisch-Traumatologische Sportmedizin im Juni in Salzburg vor.

Entgegen der ursprünglichen Form des Kletterns, bei der Athleten meist senkrechte Wände empor kletterten, wird der Sport heute meist an steilen, ungleichmäßigen und oft trickreichen Wänden ausgeübt. Einflüsse aus anderen Sportarten wie beispielsweise dem Turnen oder dem Parcoursport sind hier ersichtlich. Der komplexe Einsatz von Armen, Beinen, Händen und Füßen in oftmals sehr untypischen Bewegungsabläufen führt zu neuen Verletzungsmustern wie z.B. „Heel-Hook Verletzungen“, Ringbandrissen, Schulterverletzungen, Frakturen im Bereich des Os Hamatum, Knochenödemen im Bereich des Handgelenkes oder auch höherwertigen Indoor-Sturztraumata (Wirbelsäulentraumata, Kniebandverletzungen oder Ellbogenluxationen). Männer und Frauen sind inzwischen gleichermaßen betroffen.

Die drei häufigsten Verletzungen sind nach wie vor klassische Klettersport-Verletzungen: Ringbandverletzungen, Sehnenscheidenentzündungen der Fingerbeuger und Capsulitiden der PIP/DIP Gelenke der Finger.

„Gerade bei Anfängern im Kletter- und Bouldersport zeigt sich jedoch zusätzlich eine deutliche Häufung an kletter-unspezifischen, höherwertigen Verletzungen, insbesondere im Bereich der unteren Extremitäten sowie der Wirbelsäule“, so Dr. Lutter.

Bei dieser Athletengruppe ist es von entscheidender Bedeutung, ein obligatorisches und strukturiertes Anfängertraining bzw. eine Einweisung zu etablieren, um Basics des Sports zu vermitteln (kontrolliertes Fallen und Abrollen beim Bouldern, Vermeidung von „Fallen“ in den gestreckten Arm/Schultergürtel, etc.). Die aktuell gängige „come in and play“- Praxis mancher kommerziellen Hallen ist hier definitiv verbesserungsfähig. Außerdem müsste eine Anpassung von Wettkampf- und Trainingsstätten erfolgen.

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