Gesellschaft für Orthopädisch-Traumatologische Sportmedizin

Foam Rolling – Hype oder gesundheitsfördernd?

Sportmedizin / GOTS

Faszienrollen oder auch Foam-Rollen / Massagerollen haben einen regelrechten Siegeszug angetreten und werden von einer breiten Masse der Bevölkerung genutzt. Doch welche Belastungen auf die Körperstrukturen treten dabei auf und welche Effekte gibt es eigentlich? Dr. Christian Baumgart und seine Kollegen gingen diesen Fragen in einer Studie nach. Die Ergebnisse stellen sie auf dem Kongress der Orthopädisch-Traumatologischen Gesellschaft für Sportmedizin im Juni in Salzburg vor. Erstes Fazit: Es gibt viel Hype um die Rollen, jedoch wenig wissenschaftliche Evidenz!

Baumgart ist Wissenschaftler an der Bergischen Universität Wuppertal und untersucht die biomechanischen Effekte des Foam Rolling. Er verweist darauf, dass Wirkung und Risiken nicht ausreichend untersucht sind. In einer Studie nutzten Studenten unter fachkundiger Anleitung die Massagerollen je zweimal eine Minute pro Muskelgruppe an den Beinen. Danach wurde zum einen die vertikale Sprunghöhe gemessen: es tat sich nichts. Zusätzlich wurde mit einem Taststift die Spannung der Muskulatur gemessen – auch hier gab es nur geringe Veränderungen.
Zum Vergleich: Nach einer 10minütigen Belastung auf dem Fahrradergometer sprangen die Studierenden höher.

Auch mit Effekten solcher Rollen auf das Bindegewebe sind die Wissenschaftler vorsichtig. Baumgart: „Faszien sind sehr dünn, und die Wirkung einer reinen Kompression ist fraglich. Im Gegenteil: Langfristige Folgen und gesundheitliche Risiken könnten mitunter größer sein, wenn das intensive Rollen zum Beispiel Schäden an den Venenklappen verursacht.“ Auch ein negativer Effekt der Kompression von Haut, Unterhaut, Muskeln, faszialen Arealen und Knochen sei denkbar, aber bisher noch wenig untersucht.

Das Foam Rolling kann auch keine manuellen Techniken zur Lockerung der Muskulatur ersetzen. „Ein Therapeut oder Masseur behandelt in der richtigen physiologischen Zugrichtung. Er merkt ob und was da im Inneren eventuell entgegen spannt“, so Baumgart. Deshalb hinkt der Übertrag von Effekten physiotherapeutischer Anwendungen auf die der Rolle. Auch ist die Wirkung klassischer Dehnmethoden häufig vergleichbar oder sogar besser – zum Beispiel für die (kurzfristige) Steigerung der Beweglichkeit.

Verschiedene Rollentypen führen zu unterschiedlichen biomechanischen Belastungen. Auf harten Noppen beispielsweise sind die Spitzendrücke um ein Vielfaches höher. Auch das kann zum Beispiel einen Einfluss auf die Veränderung der Schmerzdruckschwelle haben. Beim Rollen über die Wade oder über den vorderen Oberschenkel haben die Forscher eine Belastung von durchschnittlich 30 Prozent des Körpergewichtes gemessen. Bei Menschen, die sich mit dem Rücken drauf legen und rollen, liegt diese Belastung um ein Vielfaches höher.

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