Sie stehen an der Piste, neben der Matte und am Spielfeldrand: die “Frontschweine der Sportmedizin”. Dr. Volker Jägemann aus Freising, zwanzig Jahre Verbandsarzt der deutschen Ringer-Nationalmannschaft und seit fünf Jahren leitender Verbandsarzt des Bob- und Schlittensportverbandes für Deutschland, weiß, wovon er spricht. Mit Respekt erzählt er von seinen Kollegen, die deutsche Spitzensportler bei Welt- und Europameisterschaften, Olympischen Spielen, Weltcups und in Trainingslagern betreuen. Sie stehen für Leichtathleten und Skifahrer, Turner und Triathleten, Schwimmer und Handballspieler mit Rat und Tat schnellstens bereit, wenn Verschleiß, Überlastung, akute Verletzungen oder Rehabilitationsfragen den Trainingsprozeß stören. Einige allgemein bekannte Verbandsärzte sind Dr. Hubert Hörterer und Dr. Ernst-Otto Münch vom Deutschen Skiverband, Dr. Andreas Gröger vom Deutschen Eishockey Bund, Dr. Karlheinz Zellberger von der Deutschen Eislauf-Union, Dr. Hans-Wilhelm Müller-Wohlfahrt vom Deutschen Fußball-Bund und – natürlich – Dr. Volker Jägemann.
Sie alle pflegen die Kunst der Wettkampfmedizin. Denn bei ihnen kommt bei aller Wichtigkeit von Wissenschaft und Forschung der Sport noch immer an erster Stelle. Ein paar Internisten zählen zu den 120 deutschen Verbandsärzten, die meisten von ihnen aber sind Orthopäden. “Deshalb ist unsere Heimat in einem Verband letztlich die GOTS, die Gesellschaft für Orthopädisch-Traumatologische Sportmedizin, auch wenn wir daneben mit dem Verein der Verbandsärzte Deutschlands im deutschen Sport ein definierter Verhandlungspartner für den Deutschen Sportbund sind.” Präsident der deutschen Verbandsärzte ist Dr. Hubert Hörterer aus Bad Wiessee, Präsident der Gesellschaft für Orthopädisch-Traumatologische Sportmedizin Privatdozent Dr. Martin Engelhardt aus Frankfurt am Main. Dr. Hubert Hörterer arbeitet im GOTS-Präsidium als Beiratsmitglied, Dr. Volker Jägemann wirkt hier als Schatzmeister: “Alleskönner ist keiner bei uns. Wenn wir also einen Spezialisten brauchen, finden wir ihn in der 700 Mitglieder zählenden GOTS. Die besten Operateure sind in diesem Berufsverband organisiert.”
Doch zurück zur Praxis eines Arztes im deutschen Sport. Mit 60 Jahren ist Dr. Volker Jägemann einer der erfahrendsten Sportärzte zwischen Flensburg und Oberstdorf. Nach den Olympischen Spielen von Atlanta wollte sich der überzeugte Jogger (2000 km pro Jahr) ursprünglich vom Hochleistungssport zurückziehen. Doch dann bekam er einen lieben Brief vom bekanntesten deutschen Rodler, der mit einer Verletzung nicht fertig wurde. “Eines Tages dann stand der Schorsch Hackl vor meiner Tür. Was sollte ich machen?” berichtet Dr. Volker Jägemann, der den prominenten Sportler so gut wiederherstellte, daß er sechs Wochen später Weltmeister werden konnte.
Jetzt sitzt Dr. Volker Jägemann in Freising wie die Spinne im Netz, die vier deutschen Eiskanäle Berchtesgaden, Oberhof, Winterberg und Altenberg um sich herum. In Freising schauen die Rodler, wenn sie sich verletzt haben, direkt vorbei und bekommen kompetente Hilfe. Schwere Unfälle haben die erfolgreichen Asse um Georg Hackl, Sylke Otto, Silke Kraushaar, Patric Leitner und Alexander Resch kaum noch. Schwerste schmerzliche Prellungen kommen dagegen oft vor, manchmal auch Knochenbrüche. “Man muß sich vorstellen, daß die Rodler bei Tempo 130 in ihren hauchdünnen Rennanzügen mit dem Fuß oder den Ellbogen gegen den Eiskanal schlagen”, erklärt Dr. Volker Jägemann die Gefahren. “Das ist so, als würde man mit dem Auto an einer Wand entlangschleifen.” Die häufigsten Verletzungen, genauer Sprunggelenkverletzungen, aber holen sich die Rodler beim Hallenfußball, den sie wegen der Feinkoordination für die Füße regelmäßig spielen.
Vor der Saison versorgt der Sportarzt seine Athleten mit Ergänzungen zur Ernährung: Vitamine, Mineralien, Mittel zur Unterstützung der Infektionsprophylaxe. Nichts Verunreinigtes darf dabei sein, damit es nicht eine böse Überraschung wie im “Dopingfall” des Ringers Alexander Leipold gibt. Während des Jahres begegnen die Sportärzte ihren größten Herausforderungen im Wettkampfgeschehen. “Bei den Olympischen Spielen in Atlanta betreute ich einen Ringer, dem im ersten Kampf das Kreuzband gerissen ist. Normalerweise hätte er nach Hause fahren müssen. Doch dieser Mann hatte sich jahrelang auf dieses Turnier vorbereitet. Sein frühes Ausscheiden wollte ich deshalb unbedingt verhindern, aber mit erlaubten medizinischen Mitteln. Und im diesem Moment kommt die Kunst der Wettkampfmedizin zum Tragen”, sagt Dr. Volker Jägemann. “Man entwickelt im Laufe der Jahre im Umgang mit den Athleten ein Feeling, was man noch tun kann, was vertretbar ist, ohne Harakiri zu betreiben. Mein Ringer von damals hat am Ende die Bronze-Medaille gewonnen.”
29. Januar 2002
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